Green Customs represents a set of customs practices and policies designed to promote sustainability in international trade. In practice, this means that customs, traditionally focused on functions such as tax enforcement and collection, are beginning to incorporate environmental considerations into their daily operations.

The organizations involved

Implementing Green Customs is not something that can be done in isolation. It requires the coordination and commitment of various international organisations, national governments and, crucially, the private sector. Some of the key entities involved are highlighted below:

1. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): UNEP is a leading advocate for integrating sustainable practices into customs operations. In 2021, it launched the “Green Customs Guidance for Multilateral Environmental Agreements”, a document that provides practical guidelines for customs to adapt to contemporary environmental challenges. In addition, UNEP coordinates global efforts to protect the environment through multilateral agreements.
2. World Customs Organization (WCO): The WCO plays a key role in standardizing customs practices worldwide. It provides guidance on how customs can effectively implement MEAs, ensuring that environmental regulations are respected in international trade. The WCO also works closely with governments to promote training for customs professionals on sustainability-related topics.
3. INTERPOL: INTERPOL, known for its operations against organised crime, also plays an important role in Green Customs. The organisation works to prevent and combat illegal trade in products that threaten the environment, such as hazardous waste, ozone-depleting substances and endangered species.
4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC): UNODC supports customs authorities in combating trafficking in substances and products that cause environmental damage. The organization promotes international cooperation and provides technical assistance to strengthen the implementation of environmental laws.

The role of customs in the context of Green Customs

Customs have a central role in the implementation of Green Customs. Traditionally, customs focus on fiscal and security aspects, such as tax collection, protection against smuggling and facilitation of legitimate trade. However, as environmental awareness increases, customs are expanding their control to include environmental responsibilities.

The private sector also has a key role to play in the implementation of Green Customs. Companies of all sizes are encouraged – and in some cases, required – to adopt sustainable practices in their operations and ensure that their products comply with international environmental regulations.